From the Crisis of Unipolarity to Global Fragmentation: Reflections on Hegemonic Transition

Abstract

The gradual erosion of the unipolar order is giving way to a systemic reconfiguration marked by high-intensity peripheral conflict. Drawing upon the theoretical framework of classical geopolitics, this paper interprets the proliferation of active war zones along the Rimland belt not as isolated events, but rather as structural symptoms tied to the crisis of American hegemony. Within this fragmented landscape, the focus shifts to European balances and Italy's positioning, examining in particular the weakening of strategic deterrence and the fallout of German rearmament on the continent.